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Ð3904,€the€federal€Telephone€Consumer€Protection€Act,€47€U.S.C.€ðð€227(b)(1)€(TCPA),€invasion€ofÏprivacy,€negligence,€civil€conspiracy,€and€aiding€and€abetting.€€These€counts€are€based€on€three€mainÏcomponents€related€to€Defendantsðð€illegal€actions:€(1)€invasive€and€systematic€ð ðwar„dialingðð€ofÏphone€numbers€to€identify€fax€numbers€for€Defendant€Fax.comðð€fax€number€database,€(2)€subsequentÏand€continued€sending€of€unsolicited€commercial€ð ðjunkðð€faxes€to€the€fax€numbers€in€Fax.comððsÏdatabase€without€the€express€permission€of€the€recipients,€including€Plaintiff,€and€(3)€fabrication€ofÏfalse€documents€and€perjured€testimony€by€Defendants€Darrell€Smiley€and€Charles€Martin€afterÏFax.com€or€its€clients€are€inevitably€sued€for€the€unsolicited€junk€faxes.€€Ìà ` àDefendants€Jeff€Payne€and€Robert€Battaglia€are€deeply€and€actively€involved€with€the€actionsÏin€(1)€and€(2)€above,€as€described€below.€€ÌÓlÓÓ¶ ÓÌÐ ¶0®)8 ЇÓ  Óòòò òRESPONSE€TO€MOTIONS€TO€DISMISSó óóóÐ  ÐÌÓÕÓÓL€ '•¨ 3LÓò òÝ ‚û² ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚û²€ÝÔ2•¨ÔÚ  Ú1Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝDefendantsðð€Motions€to€Dismiss€Are€Untimelyó ó݃û²€«ÝŒÐŒ„` €%` €% ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓ  ÓÓ¤Óà ` àDefendant€Robert€BattagliaÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(M#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€was€served€on€October€31,€2003€by€certified€mail.€€Rule€12(a)(1)Ð   Ðrequires€that€ð ða€defendant€shall€serve€an€answer€within€20€days€after€being€served€with€the€summonsÏand€complaint.ðð€€Defendant€Battaglia€did€not€file€either€an€Answer€or€a€motion€under€Rule€12(b)Ïwithin€20€days€of€the€Oct.€31,€2003€service€date.€€Battaglia€did€not€file€his€Motion€to€Dismiss€untilÏNov.€26,€2003€(the€Motion€was€sent€to€the€Court€on€Nov.€25,€2003€via€overnight€mail).Ìà ` àDefendant€Jeff€Payne€was€served€October€24,€2003€by€certified€mail.€€An€Answer€or€MotionÏwas€due€by€Nov.€13,€2003.€His€Motion€to€Dismiss€was€òòservedóó€on€November€13,€2003.€€It€appearsÐ (  Ðthat€the€Motion€was€not€actually€filed€with€the€Clerk€until€Friday€Nov.€14€at€the€earliest,€or€elseÏMonday€Nov.€17,€2003.€€Either€of€these€days€are€too€late.€€The€Motions€of€both€Defendants€areÏuntimely.€Both€Defendants€are€thus€currently€in€default€under€Rule€12(a)(5),€which€the€Clerk€orÏCourt€can€enter€sua€sponte€at€any€time.ÌÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(ä#ÔÓyÓÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔÓqÓÌò òÝ ‚û² ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚û²qÝÔ2•¨ÔÚ  Ú2Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝDefendantsðð€Motions€Failed€to€Comply€With€Rule€12„Ió ó݃û²qœÝŒÐ~v` €%` €% ÐŒÝ  ÝÌÓWÓÓ  Óà ` àDefendantsðð€Motion€to€Dismiss€also€fails€to€conform€with€Rule€12„I(a),€which€requires€aÏmoving€party€to€ð ðfirst€ascertain€whether€other€affected€parties€will€consent€to€the€relief€sought.ððÏbefore€filing€a€motion.€€Defendants€failed€to€do€this,€despite€the€fact€that€their€same€counsel€€attemptsÏto€comply€with€this€very€Rule€in€another€case€in€this€Court,€òòMorris€v.€Fax.com,€et€al.óó,€Case€#€CA„03„Ð Ž!†# Ð1109€(Judge€Neal€Kravitz),€a€case€which€also€involves€some€of€the€same€Defendants€as€in€the€instantÏcase.€€This€Court€should€note€repeated€failures€by€counsel€to€comply€with€Rule€12„I.Ìà ` àRule€12„I(a)€makes€it€clear€that€failure€to€comply€with€the€rule€prohibits€the€Court€fromÏentertaining€a€motion:€ð ðOnly€when€the€movant€certifies€in€writing€that€despite€diligent€efforts€consentÏcould€not€be€obtained,€or€in€the€case€of€Rule€11€motions,€resolution€of€the€disputed€issues€is€notÏpossible,€will€the€Court€consider€the€motion€as€a€contested€matter.ðð€€Defendantsðð€failure€to€complyÏthus€prohibits€this€Court€from€even€considering€the€Motions€to€Dismiss.€€ÌÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(8#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ôà ` àAnother€failure€regards€location€information.€€Rule€10„I(b)€requires€in€relevant€part€that€ð ðTheÐ ®-¦&3 Ð1òòstóó€pleading€filed€by€or€on€behalf€of€a€party€shall€set€forth€in€the€caption€the€partyððs€name,€fullÐ 2/*(5 Ðresidence€address.ðð€€Defendantsðð€Motion€to€Quash€does€not€contain€this€location€information€forÏeither€Defendant€Payne€or€Battaglia.€€Undersigned€counsel€has€previously€pointed€out€this€Rule€andÏits€location€information€requirements€to€the€same€law€firm€which€purports€to€represent€Mr.€PayneÏand€Mr.€Battaglia€in€this€case.€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔÐ ” Œ ÐÓˆÓò òÝ ‚û² ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚û²ê!ÝÔ2•¨ÔÚ  Ú3Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝDefendants€Motions€to€Dismiss€are€Frivolous€and€Lack€Meritó ó݃û²ê!"݌Р` €%` €% ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ  Óà ` àIn€addition€to€the€procedural€defects€just€described,€on€the€merits,€Defendantsðð€Motions€areÏfrivolous.€€Defendants€purposefully€misuse€the€FCC€definition€of€ððcommon€carrier.ðð€€Defendants€alsoÏappear€to€seek€dismissal€all€Counts€against€them,€but€their€argument€at€best€onlyÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(£!#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€addresses€theÐ ¤œ  Ðstatutory€claims€in€Counts€1€to€3,€and€does€not€address€common€law€claims€for€invasion€of€privacyÏand€negligence€in€Counts€4€and€5.€€Thus€Plaintiff€need€only€address€the€motions€as€they€relate€toÏPlaintiffs€statutory€claims.ÌÓî"Óò òÝ ‚MR ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚MRz%Ýà0 ` àÔ2•¨ÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` €%` €%àÝ  ÝJeff€Payne€and€Robert€Battaglia€Have€Admitted€to€Their€Involvement€WithÐ ´¬ Ðð ðWar„dialingðð€to€Send€the€Unsolicited€Faxes€To€Plaintiffó ó݃MRz%¥%ÝŒÐ80¸ €%¸ €% ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ  Ó€à ` àPlaintiff€Adler€attached€to€the€Complaint,€and€attaches€again€herein€as€Exhibit€A,€three€CallerÐ ¼´ ÐID€snap€shots€of€calls€made€to€Plaintiff€by€the€Fax.com€Defendants€(Kevin€Katz,€Eric€Wilson,ÏCharles€Martin,€Darrel€Smiley€and€Robert€Battaglia)€and€Defendant€Jeff€Payne.€€These€calls€wereÏmade€at€3AM€and€6€AM€in€the€morning€as€part€of€these€Defendantsðð€attempts€to€identify€additionalÏfax€numbers€to€be€added€to€a€database€used€by€Defendants€to€send€unsolicited€faxes€illegally.€ÏDefendantsðð€systematic€search€for€fax€numbers€in€this€manner€is€commonly€referred€to€as€ð ðwar„¼dialing.ðð€€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(D$#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔThe€Caller€ID€photos€show€the€Virginia€are€code€numbers€from€which€the€war„dialer€callsÐ Ô#Ì& Ðoriginated,€and€Defendant€Jeff€Payneððs€name€as€the€subscriber€to€those€numbers.€€Ìà ` àWar„dialing€was€specifically€outlawed€by€the€FCC.€€òòSeeóó€FCC€Report€and€Order,€FCC€03„153,Ð Ü&Ô* ÐIn€the€Matter€of€Rules€and€Regulations€Implementing€the€Telephone€Consumer€Protection€Act€ofÏ1991,€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(”)#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô2003€FCC€Lexis€3673,€ÓB.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°œXBÓÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(y+#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô68€FR€44144„01,€(Released€July€3,€2003).€€The€FCC€created€a€newÐ ä)Ü". Ðregulatory€subsection€to€address€war„dialing€which€provides€that€ð ðNo€person€or€entity€may€(7)€UseÏany€technology€to€dial€any€telephone€number€for€the€purpose€of€determining€whether€the€line€is€aÏfacsimile€or€voice€line.ðð€€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(,#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô47€C.F.R.€ðð€64.1200(a)(7).Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(Œ-#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€€In€a€deposition€taken€by€the€Securities€andÐ p.h'4 ÐExchange€Commission€on€January€31,€2003,€€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(ë-#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔThomas€Roth,€Chief€Financial€Officer€of€Fax.com,€Ð  Ðalso€admitted€to€this€ððwar„dialingðð€activity€used€to€determine€whether€any€number€is€a€fax€number,Ïand€also€admitted€that€the€faxes€sent€by€Fax.com€are€unsolicited.€€(A€copy€of€the€relevant€depositionÏtranscript€testimony€of€Mr.€Roth€is€attached€herein€as€Exhibit€B€„€òòSeeóó€p.€17,€lines€1„4:€€MR.€KIM:Ð ” Œ ÐSo€these€faxes€are€unsolicited?;€THE€WITNESS:€Yes.ðð).ÌÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(™.#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€€à ` àImportantly,€Plaintiff€William€Adler€has€already€sued€Fax.com,€Inc.€and/or€its€clientsÐ œ”  Ðpreviously€in€this€D.C.€Superior€Court€in€the€cases€òòAdler€v.€Advanced€Wireless€CellularÐ    ÐCommunications,€Inc.óó,€Case€#€SC„01„12944€and€òòAdler€v.€Imak€Wireless€Networks,€Inc.€óó€Case€#€SC„Ð ¤œ  Ð01„14719.€€Fax.com,€which€is€paying€for€the€defense€of€both€Payne€and€Battaglia,€thus€knew€veryÏwell€of€Plaintiffððs€obvious€objection€to€receiving€unsolicited€faxes€and€calls.€òò€óóPayne€and€BattagliaÐ ¬¤  Ðcan€not€proclaim€ignorance€that€they€did€not€know€that€persons€generally,€and€Plaintiff€specifically,Ïobviously€objected€to€Defendantsðð€conduct.Ìà ` àÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(¦0#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔJeff€Payne€admits€to€his€involvement€in€making€these€war„dialer€calls€since€2000€as€part€ofÐ 80 Ðan€agreement€with€Defendant€Battaglia,€as€well€as€to€Payneððs€being€paid€for€his€role€and€involvementÏin€this€illegal€junk€faxing€activity.Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(Î3#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€€(òòSeeóó€Payne€Affidavit€at€ððððÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ( 5#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€2„4,€attached€as€Exhibit€C„1).€Ð @8 ÐBattaglia€also€admits€to€his€involvement€with€this€illegal€activity€since€2000,€first€on€behalf€ofÏDefendant€Fax.com,€and€now€through€a€new€company€Battaglia€is€President€of€called€Telecom€TechÏSupport€(TTS).€€(òòSeeóó€Battaglia€Aff.€at€ððÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(w5#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ôðð€2„5,€attached€as€Exhibit€C„2Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(á6#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô).€€Battaglia€admits€being€paidÐ Ì Ä" Ðfor€his€role.€€òòId.€€óóOn€information€and€belief,€Plaintiff€asserts€that€Battaglia€has€made€several€hundredÐ P"H$ Ðthousand€dollars€for€his€involvement€in€this€ongoing€illegal€activity.€€TTS€is€one€of€severalÏcompanies€created€by€the€Fax.com€Defendants€and€others€to€continue€Fax.comððs€illegal€war„dialingÏand€junk€faxing€in€light€of€the€numerous€lawsuits,€class€actions,€and€attorney€general€enforcementÏactions,€and€FCCððs€$5.4€M€Notice€of€Apparent€(NAL)€liability€filed€against€or€issued€to€Fax.com.Ï(òòSeeóó€òòe.g.óó€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(D7#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔIn€Re€Fax.com,€Inc.Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(Ü9#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô,€2002€WL€1798553,€17€F.C.C.R.€15,927,€17€FCC€Rcd.€15,927€(F.C.C.,Ð ä)Ü". ÐAug€07,€2002)€(FCC€02„226,€FRN€0007„2970„47,€EB„02„TC„120)Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(1:#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô,€which€is€available€atÐ h+`$0 Ðhttp://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC„02„226A2.pdf).€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(;#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€This€$5.4€M€fine€in€AugustÐ ì,ä%2 Ð7,€2002€arose€from€six€separate€FCCÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(·;#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€citations€for€sending€unsolicited€advertisements€via€fax.€€€(òòSeeóóÐ p.h'4 ÐDec.€26,€2000€FCC€citations€issued€to€Fax.com€(EB„00„TC„148,€EB„00„TC„149,€EB„00„TC„150,Ïand€EB„00„TC„179);€May€11,€2003€citation€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(L<#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔEB„01„TC„027)€and€the€May€31,€2001€citation€EB„01„Ð Œ„ ÐTC„028).ÌÓò&Óò òÝ ‚MR ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚MRî=Ýà0 ` àÔ2•¨ÔÚ  ÚBÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` €%` €%àÝ  ÝDefendants€Payne€and€Battaglia€are€not€FCC€ð ðCommon€carriersððó ó݃MRî=>݌Д Œ¸ €%¸ €% ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ  Óà ` àDefendants€make€the€utterly€meritless€argument€that€they€are€ððcommon€carriersðð€and€thereforeÏnot€liable.€€(òòSee€óóPayne€and€Battaglia€Memorandums€at€p.€2).€€Defendants€are€not€ððcommon€carriers,ððÐ œ”  Ða€term€specifically€defined€by€the€FCC:€€ÌÓ?ÓÓ€Óà0 ` àò òCommon€carrier:ó ó€In€a€telecommunications€context,€a€telecommunications€company€thatÐ ¤œ  Ðholds€itself€out€to€the€public€for€hire€to€provide€communications€transmission€services.€ÏòòNote:óó€In€the€United€States,€such€companies€are€usually€subject€to€regulations€by€theÐ êâ  ÐFederal€and€state€regulatory€commissions.€òòSynonymsóó€ò òcarrier,€commercial€carrier,Ð   Ðcommunications€common€carrier.ó óÐ0(` €%` €% ÐÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(l=#ÔÓ€F@ÓÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔÓ  ÓFrom€òòTelecommunications:€Glossary€of€Telecommunications€Termsóó,€Federal€Standard€1073C€at€C„Ð SK Ð22,€National€Communications€System€Technology€&€Standards€Division,€General€ServicesÏAdministration,€Information€Technology€Section€(August€7,€1996)€(bolding€in€original).€€A€copy€ofÏthis€definition€of€ð ðcommon€carrierðð€is€attached€herein€as€Exhibit€D.€€This€definition€is€òòmandatoryóó€onÐ ß× Ðall€federal€agencies.€€òòId.óó€at€the€Foreword€page€(Exh.€D).€€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(€B#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€Ð c[  Ðà ` àPayne€and€Battaglia€are€obviously€not€phone€companies,€regulated€by€the€FCC€or€stateÏutilities€commission,€and€are€not€ð ðcommon€carriers.ððÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(ÂD#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€€The€various€phone€companies€that€theÐ k c$ ÐFax.com€Defendants€use€to€transmit€illegal€unsolicited€faxes,€such€as€Qwest,€Cox€CommunicationsÏand€Verizon׃Q×Ý ƒ)%ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€would€be€FCC€common€carriers.€€These€FCC€common€carriers€are€generally€not€liableÐ s#k( Ðfor€TCPA€fax€violations,€but€can€be€liable€if€the€carrier€has€ð ða€high€degree€of€involvement€or€actualÏnotice€of€an€illegal€use€and€failure€to€take€steps€to€prevent€such€transmissions.ðð€€òòIn€the€Matter€ofÐ {&s, ÐRules€and€Regulations€Implementing€the€Telephone€Consumer€Protection€Act€of€1991óó,€7€F.C.C.R.Ð ÿ'÷ . Ð8752,€8770€(1992).€€Ìà ` àThe€distinguishing€point€here€is€that€a€telephone€company,€as€a€common€carrier,€does€notÏusually€know€what€its€phone€lines€are€being€used€for€or€transmitting,€and€therefore€can€not€be€heldÐ ‹,ƒ%4 Ðliable€for€the€transmissions.€€If€the€carrier€does€know€their€phone€lines€are€being€used€for€illegalÏpurpose,€they€can€be€liable.€€€Defendants€Payne€and€Battaglia€are€first€off,€not€separate€commonÏcarriers,€but€active€and€paid€participants€in€the€illegal€scheme.€€Secondly,€Payne€and€Battaglia€knowÐ   Ðòòexactlyóó€what€is€going€on,€including€that€faxes€are€being€sent,€who€they€are€working€for,€who€isÐ ” Œ Ðpaying€them,€and€have€done€so€for€several€years.€€Payne€even€specifically€admits€in€his€Affidavit€toÏdeciding€that€the€faxes€would€be€broadcast€to€ð ðnumbers€[that]€would€be€within€the€local€area€codes.ððÏ(Payne€Aff.€at€ðð€4,€Exh.€C„1).€€The€202€area€code€where€Plaintiff€resides€is€local€to€the€particularÏ703„836„4906€exchange€used€by€Payne.€€Ìà ` àThe€whole€point€of€the€Fax.com€Defendantsðð€scheme€is€to€avoid€long€distance€toll€chargesÏby€using€local€persons€and€locations€as€hosts€for€Faxcasters€(computers€with€software€and€severalÏphone€lines)€to€first€engage€in€war„dialing€to€identify€new€fax€numbers€and€then€to€transmitÏcommercial€fax€ads.€€Quite€simply,€the€faxes€sent€to€Plaintiff€and€others€in€D.C.€would€not€have€beenÏsent€without€the€active,€willing€and€paid€participation€of€Defendants€Payne€and€Battaglia.€€€TheÏððtelephone€facsimile€machineðð€that€actually€sent€the€faxes€to€Plaintiff€and€war„dialed€Plaintiff€at€3ÏAM€and€6€AM€in€the€morning€was€physically€located€in€Defendant€Payneððs€house€in€Alexandria,ÏVirginia.€€Payne€and€Battaglia€have€profited€from€this€arrangement,€and€likely€continue€to€do€so.Ìà ` àIt€is€probable€that€even€Kevin€Katz,€the€President€of€Fax.com,€who€òòdoesóó€control€the€companyÐ H@  Ðand€its€activities,€does€not€know€all€the€details€or€actual€content€of€each€fax€broadcast€or€of€theÏmillions€of€faxes€sent€into€D.C.€and€elsewhere.€€Katz€also€probably€does€not€know€the€actual€faxÏnumbers€of€the€millions€of€faxes€sent€into€D.C.,€or€anywhere€else€across€the€U.S.€where€DefendantsÏsend€unsolicited€faxes.€€Payne€and€Battaglia€likewise€do€not€know€these€details,€not€does€any€otherÏsingle€employee€of€Fax.com.€Payne€and€Battaglia€are€liable€for€their€personal€involvement€inÏassisting€with€transmission€of€unsolicited€faxes€into€D.C.€as€described€above€and€admitted€to€in€theirÏown€Affidavits.€Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(µE#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔWhether€Payne€and€Battaglia€also€additionally€participated€Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(»R#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ôby€having€designed€orÐ ä)Ü". Ðcontrolled€the€content€of€the€faxes€is€not€relevant€or€necessary€to€establishing€their€liability€under€theÏTCPA.€Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(8S#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔÐ ì,ä%2 ÐÐ p.h'4 Ðò òà0 ` àà0¸ ` €%` €%àà ` àC.ØØ€€€€€€€€€Defendants€Payne€and€Battaglia€are€not€fax€service€providersó óÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(T#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€ò òas€defined€by€theÐ  ÐFCCó óÐŒ„¸ €%¸ €% Ðà ` àThe€Fax.com€Defendants€determine€the€message€content€and€where€the€unsolicited€faxes€areÏsent.€€€These€faxes€are€then€sent€to€places€including€D.C.€and€to€Plaintiff€using€the€very€FaxcasterÏequipment€placed€in€Defendant€Payneððs€Virginia€residence€which€Payne€and€Battaglia€arranged€forÏFax.com.€€Fax.com€paid€Payne€and€Battaglia€for€this€assistance,€and€is€paying€their€legal€defense€inÏthis€case.€€In€2002,€in€the€face€of€mounting€legal€actions€and€judgments€against€Fax.com€and€itsÏPresident€Kevin€Katz,€Defendants€created€a€new€company€called€Telecom€Tech€Support€to€locateÏand€host€the€Faxcaster€computers€that€engage€in€war„dialing€and€transmitting€unsolicited€faxes.€ÏThese€Faxcaster€computers€and€the€phone€lines€connected€to€them€are€an€integral€part€of€theÏequipment€that€actually€obtains€and€determines€to€whom€and€which€numbers€faxes€are€subsequentlyÏsent.€€€Payne€and€Battaglia€are€thus€are€long„standing,€integral€and€paid€participants€in€establishingÏand€maintaining€the€computer€system€used€to€determine€where€in€D.C.€unsolicited€faxes€are€sent.Ìà ` àDespite€their€profitable€and€willing€participation€in€this€scheme,€Defendantsðð€separateÏMotions€each€make€reference€to€each€Defendant€having€ð ðonly€acted€as€a€service€provider,€as€definedÏby€the€FCC,€in€the€transmission€of€the€faxes.ðð€€(òòSee€óóDef.€Memo.€at€1).€€€Recognizing€the€lack€of€meritРļ Ðin€their€ð ðcommon€carrierðð€argument,€Defendants€cite€a€footnote€in€an€FCC€order€that€states:Ïð ðÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(U#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔFacsimile€broadcast€service€providers€are€businesses€or€individuals€that€transmit€messages€on€behalfÐ Ì Ä" Ðof€other€entities€to€selected€destinations€and€that€do€not€determine€either€the€message€content€or€toÏwhom€they€are€sent.ðð€€òòIn€the€Matter€of€Rules€and€Regulations€Implementing€the€Telephone€ConsumerÐ Ô#Ì& ÐProtection€Act€of€1991óó,€Order€on€Further€ReconsiderationÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(•[#Ô,Ô‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô12€F.C.C.R.€4609,€4613€(April€1997).€Ð X%P( Ðà ` àÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(m]#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€ÔThe€problem€for€Defendants€is€that€they€are€not€service€providers€in€the€sense€the€FCCÐ Ü&Ô* Ðfootnote€states.€€The€FCC€is€referring€to€companies€that€are€provided€fax€content€and€a€listÏof€fax€numbers€from€a€client,€and€who€then€use€their€computer€and€other€equipment€to€broadcast€thisÏprovided€content€created€by€the€client€to€the€fax€numbers€provided€by€the€client.€€That€is€not€whatÏthese€Defendants€here€are.€€Defendants€not€only€òòò òdoó óóó€determine€who€and€where€the€fax€messages€areÐ ì,ä%2 Ðreceived,€€they€even€admit€so:€ð ðAffiant€Payne€did€not,€and€does€not,€decide€which€numbers€to€whichÐ p.h'4 Ða€fax€may€be€broadcasted,€òòother€than€the€numbers€would€be€within€the€local€area€codesóó.ðð€€Nov.€12,Ð  Ð2003€Payne€Aff.€at€ðð€4€(emphasis€added).€€Read€without€the€negatives,€Payne€admits€that€he€doesÏòòdecideóó€what€numbers€within€local€area€codes€are€faxed€to.€€PayneÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(õ]#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€allowed€this€unsolicitedÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(éa#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€faxingÐ   Ðusing€the€Faxcaster€equipment€he€was€paid€to€host€in€his€house.€€Whether€Payne€knew€about€orÏparticipated€in€sending€faxes€to€area€codes€other€than€202€is€irrelevant,€as€Plaintiff€Adler€is€notÏattempting€to€hold€Payne€(or€Battaglia)€liable€for€faxes€sent€to€other€area€codes.€€Whether€Payne€orÏBattaglia€acted€as€Fax.com€employees€or€independent€contractors€while€continuing€to€assist€withÏtransmission€of€unsolicited€faxes€is€also€irrelevant,€as€the€TCPA€is€a€strict€liability€statute.ÌÓB.°°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#°°XBÓÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(Db#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ôà ` àDefendant€Battagliaððs€deeper€involvement€in€arranging€Faxcaster€hosting€and€war„dialing€andÐ (  Ðhis€attempt€to€escape€liability€is€particularly€offensive.€€His€involvement€has€led€to€damages€beyondÏthose€alleged€in€this€suit.€€Attached€as€Exhibit€E€are€two€Oct€2002€Affidavits€from€persons€inÏMaryland€named€Battaglia,€including€another€Robert€Battaglia,€from€the€certified€class€action€lawsuitÏòòLevitt€v.€Fax.com,€Inc.óó€Case€#€24„C„01„2218€(Balt.€City.€Cir.€Ct.).€€These€Affidavits€detail€theÐ 80 Ðhorrendous€and€repeated€problems€several€families€have€endured€simply€because€their€nameÏhappened€to€be€Battaglia,€and€how€they€were€blamed€for€the€late€night€calls€made€by€war„dialersÏarranged€by€the€Defendant€Robert€Battaglia.€€These€problems€including€harassing€calls€and€evenÏdeath€threats,€all€due€to€actions€directly€and€unquestionably€attributed€to€the€Defendant€RobertÏBattaglia€in€this€suit€who€set€up€war„dialers€in€Maryland.€€These€Affidavits€also€testify€to€the€sameÏinvasion€of€privacy€these€late€night€war„dialer€calls€constitute€as€alleged€by€Plaintiff€in€this€suit.ÌòòóóÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(Ëd#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ôà ` àAttached€as€Exhibit€F€is€the€Affidavit€of€Richard€Zelma€who€was€also€war„dialed€in€NewÐ Ô#Ì& ÐJersey€by€Defendant€Robert€Battaglia.€€Included€in€Mr.€Zelmaððs€Affidavit€are€the€actual€VerizonÏphone€records€obtained€by€activating€Call€Trace€(*57)€which€proves€the€calls€on€April€27,€2002€andÏAugust€18,€2001€to€Mr.€Zelma€came€from€lines€registered€to€Defendant€Robert€Battaglia€at€a€N.J.Ïaddress.€€The€Affidavit€of€Mr.€Zelma€speaks€of€Mr.€Battagliaððs€involvement€with€setting€up€hundredsÏof€similar€computers€or€systems€across€the€U.S.€Ìà ` àIf€this€were€not€enough,€Fax.com€is€still€advertising€to€expand€its€war„dialer€capacity.€ÏAttached€as€Exhibit€G€are€two€recent€pages€from€a€web€site€describing€in€general€terms€how€theseÐ p.h'4 ÐFax€casters€work,€with€www.fax.com€listed€as€the€contact.€€Attached€as€Exhibit€H€is€the€October€18,Ï2002€Affidavit€of€Steve€Kirsch€and€attachments€showing€the€data€contained€in€an€actual€Fax€casterÏused€by€Defendants€in€San€Jose,€California.€€This€Fax€caster€was€also€used€with€lines€subscribed€toÏby€Defendant€Robert€Battaglia€(408„448„4130)€and€used€to€send€unsolicited€faxes.€€Mr.€Battaglia€isÏclearly€a€key€person€for€sending€unsolicited€faxes€out€not€just€to€Plaintiff,€but€throughout€the€U.S.,Ïand€should€be€held€responsible€for€his€actions.€Ô#†Xè€XX!XÕ(~i#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ô€Ð œ”  ЀÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(ôn#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ôà ` àNotably,€similar€arguments€to€Defendantsðð€have€already€been€refuted€by€one€federal€court€toÐ    Ðlook€at€this€issue.€€The€liability€of€fax€broadcasters€under€the€TCPA€was€addressed€by€the€U.S.ÏDistrict€Court€for€the€Western€District€of€Texas€inÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(Mo#Ôòò€Ô‡XÕ(XXXè€ÔState€of€Texas€v.€American€Blast€Faxóó,€121€F.Ð (  ÐSupp.€2d€1085€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(¥p#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô(W.D.€Tex.€2000)ò òó ó.€€The€defendant€in€òòAmerican€Blast€Faxóó€argued€that€it€could€not€beÐ ¬¤  Ðheld€liable€under€the€TCPA€ð ðbecause€it€merely€broadcasts€the€advertisement€for€its€customers.ðð€€TheÏU.S.€District€Court€said,€ÌÓŸBÓÓÌLÓà0 ` àWhile€the€FCC€has€authority€to€enforce€the€TCPA€and€ð ðprescribe€regulationsÏimplementing€the€requirementsðð€of€the€TCPA,€see€47€U.S.C.€ðððð227(b)(2)€and€(f)(7),€theÏlast€time€the€Court€checked,€Congress€did€not€give€the€FCC€complete€power€to€determineÏwho€is€liable€under€the€statute.€€Until€that€time,€the€Court€will€follow€the€languageÏprovided€by€Congress,€which€states€that€ð ð[i]t€shall€be€unlawful€for€any€person€within€theÏUnited€States€to€use€any€telephone€facsimile€machine€.€.€.€to€send€an€unsolicitedÏadvertisement€to€a€telephone€facsimile€machine.ðð€€47€U.S.C.€sec€227(b)(1)(C)€(emphasisÏadded).€€The€TCPA€places€no€further€restriction€on€who€is€liable€under€this€section.€.€.€Ð ` €%` €% ÐÌÓÌL`rÓòòÓ  ÓId.óó€at€1089.Ô‡ôÒ õXXÕ(Ô€€Ô#†XÕ(X õôÒ†u#Ô€The€opinion€also€states:€ð ðSimilarly,€the€FCCððs€implementing€regulations€provide€ðð[n]oÐ " ! Ðòòperson€óómay€.€.€.€use€a€telephone€facsimile€machineðð€to€send€unsolicited€advertisements.€€47€C.F.R.Ð ˜## Ððð64.1200(a)(3)€(emphasis€added).€€The€regulations€nowhere€exempt€from€liability€businesses€thatÏsolicit€fax€advertisers,€provide€fax€advertising€databases€and€then€send€third€party€faxes.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€n.Ð  &˜' Ð4.€Ô#†Xè€XXXÕ(9q#ÔÔ‡XÕ(XXXè€Ô€€The€court€summarized€the€allegations€in€the€pleadings€related€to€the€defendantððs€conduct,€andÐ $(!) Ðnoted€that,€ð ðAccording€to€the€State,€Blastfaxððs€business€centers€around€using€a€fax€machine€to€sendÏunsolicited€advertisements€„€the€precise€conduct€outlawed€by€the€TCPA.ðð€€ÌÔ#†Xè€XXXÕ(Ìw#ÔÔ‡!XÕ(XXXè€Ôà ` àIn€summary,€for€at€least€three€years€Defendants€Payne€and€Battaglia€have€knowingly€andÐ °,¨%/ Ðwillingly€assisted€the€Fax.com€Defendants€to€both€war„dial€D.C.€numbers€to€identify€new€faxÐ 4.,'1 Ðnumbers€and€to€send€illegal€unsolicited€faxes€to€numbers€identified€as€fax€numbers.€€They€haveÏpersonally€profited€from€their€involvement.€€They€show€no€sign€of€having€stopped€this€illegalÏactivity.€€They€now€wish€this€Court€to€endorse€their€activities€assisting€the€illegal€transmission€ofÏfaxes€into€D.C.€ÌÔ#†Xè€XX!XÕ(